人教版(2019)高中英语选择性必修二第四单元测试卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
A Good Night’s Sleep
Sleep plays a vital role in good health and well-being throughout your life. While you’re sleeping, your brain is forming new pathways to help you learn and remember information. Although we all know the importance of getting a good night’s sleep, not all of us know the best way of getting it. A sleep expert, Phil Atherton, gave some top tips for getting the most out of the night, which will leave you ready for action in the morning.
According to Phil Atherton, not eating a large meal before bedtime is important for getting a good night’s sleep. The time difference between eating and sleeping should be at least three hours. So you’d better avoid eating any food three hours before bed, as it will lower your blood sugar during sleep and help minimize damage from too much sugar floating around.
It’s also important to find ways to prepare your body for sleep. You can follow a routine like trying not to expose yourself to too much artificial light within 1 hour before bed, as your brain uses light to help set internal “body clock”. Although it might seem unnatural to schedule your sleep, the purpose is to send a signal to your body and mind that it’s time to sleep.
Another way to prepare your body for sleep is to get into a relaxed state by taking a bath or listening to soft music. Both of them will help to take the mind off the daytime pressures.
Having a suitable bed, especially a suitable mattress (床垫), is necessary for a good night’s sleep. Sleep is a personalized activity, and we all adopt different sleeping positions. Finding the mattress that suits you will reduce back pains that can result from a poor sleeping position. The bed should be four to six inches longer than its tallest user, allowing for space to move around.
The recent research is pretty clear that a good night’s sleep in a major component of good health. Since the start of the 21st century, studies have linked a lack of sleep to many diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Taking action now will lead to long-term benefits for you and those around you.
1.What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?
A.When to start a sound sleep. B.How to get a good night’s sleep.
C.What to do with sleep problems. D.Why to form a good habit of sleeping.
2.According to the author, before going to sleep, you’d better ________.
A.free yourself from tension B.check your blood sugar
C.relieve your pain in the back D.record your biological clock
3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Not eating food. B.Taking a meal. C.Not sleeping well. D.Having a good sleep.
B
If you’re planning on travelling，there are a few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.
First of all，always check and doublecheck departure(起程) time.It is amazing how few people really do this carefully.Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten.My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane left at 10：50.When I arrived at the airport，the clerk at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed.Therefore，I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.
The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards，it is still important to have at least a little of the local currency(货币) with you when you arrive in a country.This can be necessary if you are flying to a place few tourists normally visit.A few years ago I was sent to Tulsa，Oklahoma.I flew there from London via(经由) Dallas，with very little time to change planes in between.I arrived there at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed.The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi and because I had no dollars，I offered to pay in pounds instead.
“Listen! I only take real money！” the driver said angrily.Luckily I was able to borrow a few dollars from a clerk at the hotel，but it was embarrassing(令人难堪的)．
The third and last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave.I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suits and raincoats in May，when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester，to places like Athens，Rome or Madrid，where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day.
4.According to the passage，it’s obvious that .
A.the author learns some rules of travelling from his own and his classmates’ experiences
B.the author doesn’t plan his trips or journeys carefully
C.Englishmen like to wear heavy suits wherever they travel
D.the American taxi driver never travels to England
5.According to the passage，the driver was angry because .
A.the author gave him false money B.the author did not give him the local currency
C.the author did not give him money D.the author had no enough change
6.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The author tells people to choose warm places as their travel destinations.
B.You don’t have to take credit cards when travelling.
C.You should know more about the weather of the place you’ll visit.
D.You should take enough change when you travel to other countries.
7.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.A few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.
B.Always check and doublecheck departure time.
C.It is important to have the local currency with you when you arrive in a country.
D.To find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave.
C
Do you know that junk food isn't healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool then into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight back-by eating healthier.
The pull of junk food can be super-strong. It's designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food.
Professor Christopher Bryan says, "Food companies want you to want junk food. " They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food.
Foods ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit-looking pop stars and smiling, active teens. "We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them. " Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is bad, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when you're older.
After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn't have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.
8.Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1?
A.To express his doubts about junk food. B.To promote the idea of healthy eating.
C.To describe the situation of junk food. D.To introduce junk food for discussion.
9.What remains a great health challenge to doctors?
A.Making people do more exercise. B.Making people eat healthily.
C.Making people lose weight. D.Making people prefer junk food.
10.What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey?
A.What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.
B.What influence junk food can have on consumers.
C.How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.
D.Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.
11.Which of the following words can best describe Bryan's lessons?
A.Shocking. B.Popular C.Effective D.Interesting
D
While elephants born without tusks (长牙)are not unheard of,they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population.However,that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park,where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless.While that may appear to be just a coincidence,Joyce Poole,an elephant behavior expert,has another theory.The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory.
Poole says before the country’s 15-year-long conflict,the park was home to over 4,000 elephants.However,by the time the conflict ended in 1992,about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to get money.Of the less than 200 survivors,over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks.Therefore,it is not surprising that the park’s tuskless elephant population has grown greatly.
This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the population of elephants.At Zambia’s South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area,areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s,35% of elephants 25 years old or older and 13% of those younger than 25 are now without tusks.A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989,largely due to illegal hunting for ivory.
The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of,or at least reduce,elephant hunting.However,scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females,to change the trend.
12.What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 1?
A.Illegal hunting. B.Constant farming.
C.A pure coincidence. D.Natural evolution.
13.Why did people kill so many elephants during the conflict in Mozambique?
A.To get money by selling ivory. B.To develop new decorations.
C.To provide food for local people. D.To make ivory products.
14.Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?
A.Gorongosa National Park. B.South Luangwa National Park.
C.Ruaha National Park. D.Lupande Game Management Area.
15.What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Elephants facing greater danger. B.Elephants growing more slowly.
C.Fewer female elephants staying alive. D.More female elephants being tuskless.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Social media, magazines and shop windows bombard people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes and shoes than ever before. In Britain, the average person spends more than ￡1,000 on new clothes a year, which is around four percent of their income. 1_________But it hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environment. First, a lot of that consumer spending is via credit cards. British people currently owe approximately ￡670 per adult to credit card companies. That's 66 percent of the average wardrobe budget.
Also, not only are people spending money they don't have, but they're using it to buy things they don't need. 2_________ People might not realise they are part of the disposable clothing
problem because they donate their unwanted clothes to charities. 3_________
Huge quantities end up being thrown away, and a lot of clothes that charities can't sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems.
4_________ The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US, where it became a rejection of the overspending and overconsumption of Black Friday and Cyber Monday. 5_________ Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organise the exchange and repair of items they already own. They send a clear message to companies that people are no longer willing to accept the environmental and human cost of overconsumption.
A.Fast fashion goes out of fashion as quickly as it came in and is often too poor quality to recycle.
B.Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill sites.
C.The British people are deeply shocked by the unexpected statistics.
D.On Buy Nothing Day people organise various types of protests and cut up their credit cards.
E.However, a “buy nothing” trend is springing up in opposition to consumerism.
F.That might not sound like much.
G.But charity shops can't sell all those unwanted clothes.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was born legally blind.Of all the stories of my early childhood,the one about a 1 is my mother’s favourite.
I was only two when the 2 occurred.We had just arrived home from a trip.Mom lifted me out of the car and 3 to speak to the driver.I took advantage of my brief 4 to dash across the lawn (草坪)— and hit a large maple tree!I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and 5 on my backside.Mom 6 me to start crying,but I just sat there for a minute.Then I 7 myself up and kept right on going.Mom always adds here that,as many times as I 8 across the lawn after that,I never again 9 into that tree.
Mom loves to use this story as an 10 .It reminds her that children don’t enter life afraid to take risks or unwilling to 11 again when they fall down.She never wanted me to lose that 12 as I grew older.When I made my major life decisions,I was still that little girl tearing full-speed across the lawn.I studied abroad and later moved away from my parents’ home to look for a 13 .Through years of 14 ,I have become a respected teacher in a school serving high-need students.
We are almost certain to get 15 at some point during the process of achieving our goal.When that happens,don’t sit in the grass and cry.Just get up and keep on going.It will all be worth it in the end.
1.A.trip B.race C.tree D.driver
2.A.incident B.change C.illness D.problem
3.A.feared B.refused C.forgot D.turned
4.A.delay B.absence C.freedom D.rest
5.A.landed B.slept C.laughed D.wept
6.A.promised B.encouraged C.allowed D.expected
7.A.woke B.picked C.warmed D.gave
8.A.drove B.lived C.stood D.ran
9.A.crashed B.broke C.climbed D.looked
10.A.answer B.example C.excuse D.order
11.A.ask B.share C.learn D.try
12.A.honesty B.toughness C.kindness D.curiosity
13.A.job B.friend C.fortune D.house
14.A.memories B.efforts C.research D.experience
15.A.mixed up B.fed up C.knocked down D.settled down
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
American popular music is played all over the world. People of all ages in all countries enjoy 1._____________(listen) to it. The reasons for 2._____________ popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat. The music has many origins in the United States. Country music,3._____________ (come) from the rural areas in the southern United States, is one source. Many people appreciate this music because of the emotions 4._____________ (express) by country music songs.
A second origin of American popular music is the blues. It described mostly sad feelings 5._____________ (reflect) the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.
Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style was known 6._____________ rock and roll in the 1950’s. Since then there 7._____________ (be) many forms of rock music, hard rock, soft rock, punk rock, disco music and others. Many 8._____________ (perform) of popular rock music are young musicians.
People hear these songs 9._____________ (sing) in their original English or sometimes translated to other languages. The words may differ 10._____________ the enjoyment of the music is universal.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节 应用文 （15分）
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Tom打算暑假来北京骑车旅游。请你根据以下信息给他写一封邮件介绍相关情况，并对他的旅行提出建议。
1．地势平坦，适合骑车；
2．用护照可以租到公共自行车；
3．停车、修车都很方便。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
I am happy to hear about your plan to travel around Beijing by bike._____________________
________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节 续写 （25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。
The guitar in the corner of the room is as silent as it has ever been for years now. It has been more than three months that no one has played it, and no one will ever play it again. A layer of dust has formed all over it. I could dust it off, but somehow I feel unworthy of touching it, let alone picking it up. It had been such a big part of my childhood, hearing its amazing notes flow without hesitation, but only when held by the right hands did it sound as amazing as it could. I had always been afraid of it somehow. I am still a bit, since the sound was always strong yet comforting.
I can't stop thinking about how I will never hear it again, how it would probably stay in that corner of my room for the rest of eternity. Sitting in the sofa facing the guitar I could almost see him, my dad, telling me that it was the second best thing in his life. I remember that moment so well. I was seven. I asked him, “What's the first？” and he told me “You”．
It made me feel so special, being picked over an instrument that could make such wonderful music with just a bit of help from the man that was in front of me. When he was home, every waking minute there was music radiating from it. The music made me feel safe, like if there wasn't anything else in the world but its amazing sounds. I stayed staring at the dust covered the guitar remembering the last time I saw my dad; he was heading out once more. He was excited and he was always proud of serving his country. He never complained. The only thing that he wouldn't like was being away from Mum and me.
If I had known that it was the last time I would see him, I would have never let him go, and I would have begged him not to leave. I would have told him that I didn't want the guitar to stay in the corner collecting dust.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
He would have left anyways, I thought. He loved protecting his country, and he used to say that he did it because he wanted me to be safe. ___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
It was getting late. I stood up from the couch and headed to bed._____________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
参考答案
阅读理解 BAA ABCA DBCC AACD FBGED
完形填空 CADCA DBDAB DBABC
语法填空：listening, its, coming, expressed, reflecting, as, have been, performers, sung, but/yet
书面表达略
